of mobile phones in Canada, Mexico and the United States return to use through repair, refurbishment, resale or as gifts
• For consumer electronics, the sector is characterised by fragmented take-back pathways where extended producer responsibility( EPR) schemes are frequently absent, causing consumers to retain high-value devices, landfill them or have them prematurely shredded
• Global component supply chains require componentspecific scaling strategies because raw material suppliers are geographically dispersed and manufacturing processes are specialised
50-70 %
of mobile phones in Canada, Mexico and the United States return to use through repair, refurbishment, resale or as gifts
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